RS-232 Reference

PC 9-way COM Port pin-out

Pin
Signal
Class
Direction
Description
1
DCD
control
DCE->DTE
Data Carrier Detect
A control signal to the PC. The modem is receiving a valid carrier signal from the remote modem.
2
RXD
data
DCE->DTE
Receive Data
The data signal to the PC.  What the user sees from the remote host.
3
TXD
data
DTE->DCE
Transmit data
The data signal from the PC. The data sent by the user.
4
DTR
control
DTE->DCE
Data Terminal Ready
A control signal from the PC used to enable the modem and  inform it that the PC is alive. The modem is allowed to go on-line or answer a call. 
5
GND
    Ground
The common signal ground connection. All the other signals refer to this reference. This must be connected at both connectors.
6
DSR
control
DCE->DTE
Data Set Ready
A control signal to the PC. The modem is ready to answer or originate a call – as opposed to being in a test mode. 
7
RTS
control
DTE->DCE
Request To Send
A control signal from the PC. The PC is ready to receive data. The PC may drop RTS from time to time when busy doing other demanding tasks.
8
CTS
control
DCE->DTE
Clear To Send
A control signal to the PC indicating that the remote host (remote DTE) is ready to receive your input.
9
RI
control
DCE->DTE
Ring Indicator
A control signal to the PC.  Indicates the phone line is ringing. 
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
PC, VDU or Data Terminal, Mainframe, terminal concentrator
DCE Data Communication Equipment.
Normally a Modem

Connectors

 
Male DTE (pc)
Female DCE (cable)
9 pin RS-232 male connector pinout
9 pin RS-232 female connector pinout

Logic levels VS RS232C Levels

Circuit class
Circuit Condition Voltage Logic
Data Mark (Asynchronous stop bit, idle) -25v to –3v 1
Data Space (Asynchronous start bit, break) +25v to +3v 0
Control Mark (Asserted) +25v to +3v 1
Control Space (Not Asserted) -25v to -3v 0

Cables

DCE<->DTE cable

A cable connecting a DTE to DCE is wired "straight through", male to female.

Null Modem

To connect two computers together, a special cable is required which mimics the behaviour of a modem. This specially wired cable, with two female connectors, is known as a null-modem cable.
 
A null modem cable swaps:
CTS with RTS

TXD with RXD

DSR and DCD with DTR.

Nuull modem cable

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